Politician and economist.
Born on 25th of February, 1862 in Skole. From 1892 professor of economics at the University of Lwów, one of the main leaders of National Democracy in Galicia and later in independent Poland; between 1902 and 1918 member of the Austrian Council of State (Reichsrat), where he was chairman of the Polish Circle (1908-1911), from 1904 also member of the Galician National Assembly (Sejm Krajowy); in 1911 Austrian Minister of Railways; between 1919 and 1928 member of the Polish Parliament (Sejm), chairman of the Parliament’s circle of the People's National Union (Związek Ludowo-Narodowy); in 1923 Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Religious Denominations and Public Enlightenment, between 1928 and 1935 Senator of the Republic of Poland, chairman of the National Party club; arrested by the NKVD in 1939, died in a Soviet prison.