– Major-General of the Polish Army in the Second Polish Republic, author of works on military science and history.
Born on April 15, 1886, he came from a family with military traditions. He graduated from the Military Technical Academy in Mödling at the top of his class with the rank of second lieutenant. During the First World War he served in Sarajevo, Transylvania and on the Russian front. After Poland regained independence, he was in the Fist Unit and then the Third Unit of the General Staff. He took part in the Kyiv expedition, and served in the Central Front General Staff during the defense of Warsaw against the Bolsheviks. After the victory he was promoted to chief of staff of the 2nd Army, at the rank of lieutenant colonel. He was awarded the War Order of Virtuti Militari for the Battle of the Neman. He taught at the Higher School of the General Staff. In 1924 he became head of the Office of the Executive War Council. During the May coup he supported the legitimate government, but did not speak out against Piłsudski. In December 1926 he became First Deputy Chief of the General Staff. From 1928 he was head of the War College. During the September 1939 Campaign he commanded the “Poznań” Army, including during the biggest battle of the campaign, the Battle of the Bzura. On September 28 he signed the surrender of Warsaw, after which he was taken prisoner by the Germans. Liberated from the German camp by the Americans, he settled in London, where he died on January 8, 1947. He wrote several books, e.g. Bitwa nad Niemnem (wrzesień-październik 1920) (1926), Wyprawa kijowska 1920 roku (1927), Studium nad możliwościami wojennymi Niemiec i Polski (1936).